(Unsigned) Binary Integers
We are familiar with the decimal integers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …
In (unsigned/positive) binary representation, the same set of numbers are written as 0, 1, 10, 11, 100,
In general, binary and decimal numbers are related by (e.g.)
100110 (binary) = 1 * 2^5 + 0 * 2^4 + 0 * 2^3 + 1 * 2^2 + 1*2^1 + 0*2^0
= 32 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 38 (decimal)
Hexadecimal, representation of negative numbers, read the textbook.